
Quantifying Time Domain Reflectometry Discontinuities from Side Edge Undercut Variations
TDR discontinuity spikes from undercut are quantified by mapping trapezoidal trace profile ratios to TDR reflection peaks filtered at matched rise times.

TDR discontinuity spikes from undercut are quantified by mapping trapezoidal trace profile ratios to TDR reflection peaks filtered at matched rise times.

Mechanically spread glass eliminates glass weave skew by expanding yarn bundles into flat ribbons that eliminate resin gaps and equalize dielectric constants.

High bandwidth TDR isolates sub picosecond differential phase skew on test coupons to prevent glass weave induced mode conversion in high speed channels.

Rotating differential traces or panel cuts off-axis relative to glass weave warp yarns equalizes phase delay and mitigates high-speed intra-pair skew.
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